Social Norms Of A Female s Beauty And Body Image

â€Å"You’re a human being, you live once and life is wonderful, so eat the damn red velvet cupcake.† – Emma Stone. The world is rapidly changing in the world of women. Even over the last decade, the role and social norms of a female has changed substantially. With that said, societies standards of a women s beauty and body image has a direct effect on teenage girls, leading many to develop eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these types are characterized as a major concern about one’s weight and shape in a negative way. Bulimia is categorized as binge eating or excessive consumption of food. What tags along with bulimia is aggressive and short tempered side effects. Of the two, anorexia nervosa is the most common among teenage girls. Anorexia nervous is characterized as self-induced starvation and excessive weight loss. It is well known that most girls watch their weight to fit a social norm what they do not realize is this can lead to anorexia and major health risks. Anorexia is a disorder associated with both the psychological and medical complications. According to Dr. Thomas Insel, Director of National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"Research tells us that Anorexia is a brain disease with severe metabolic effects on the entire body.† What most people do not know is that genetics does play a f actor when it comes to developing anorexia. The biological factor is often overlooked becauseShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pages Social media has become one of the most popular sources of communication for the upcoming generation. For young people growing up in today’s society, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have provided pictures and news that have become the first thing that their eyes see in the morning and the last thing that they see before bed. These pictures have provided unrealistic standards as to what is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these imagesRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Outer Shell Of Innocence 1427 Words   |  6 PagesFemales everywhere are obsessively trying to alter their appearance to mirror the perfect body images surrounding us in today’s media. Body image dominates media everywhere you look, every time you turn your head we are pestered with beautiful women and perfect figures. The overwhelming urge for women to have a body just like the perfect models and idols we see plastered in media has spi lled over into our children. Despite the outer shell of innocence, the psychological and sociological effects ofRead MoreAdvertisements Are Shaping Our Society1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthat, that I felt like a doll for so long.† Said Cara Delevingne, supermodel. Why is the model industry, creating this idea that all females have to look like this ‘doll’ to be beautiful? Society has moulded the ‘ideal’ body image to an unattainable goal fashioned by the criteria established through advertising. Advertisements are enforcing the standards of beauty to encourage our youth to believe and aspire to become this contemporary based view of what beautiful is. This is supported by 45% ofRead MoreAdvertisements Are Shaping Our Society1253 Words   |  6 Pagesthat, that I felt like a doll for so long.† Said Cara Delevingne, supermodel. Why is the model industry, creating this idea that all females have to look like this ‘doll’ to be beautiful? Society has moulded the ‘ideal’ body image to an unattainable goal fashioned by the criteria established through advertising. Advertisements are enforcing the standards of beauty to encourage our youth to believe and aspire to become this contemporary based view of what beautiful is. This is supported by 45%Read MoreAdvertisements Are Shaping Our Society1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthat, that I felt like a doll for so long.† Said Cara Delevingne, supermodel. Why is the model industry creating this idea that all females have to look like this ‘doll’ to be beautiful? Society has moulded the ‘ideal’ body image to an unattainable goal fashioned by the criteria established through advertising. Advertisements are enforcing the standards of beauty to encourage our youths to believe and aspire to become this contemporary based view of what beautiful is. This is supported by 45%Read MoreCultural Beauty Ideals As A Form Of Ethnic Body Policing : Origins And Effects On East Asian Women1448 Words   |  6 PagesEurocentric Beauty Ideals as a Form of Ethnic body policing: Origins and effects on East Asian Women. Many, East Asian women increasingly travel widely outside of East Asian countries to western ones and vice versa. Additionally, many East Asian women travel to the United States of America to attend College and Graduate programs. Globalization and western media are increasing their foot hold in East Asian countries. The universal aesthetic of beauty is becoming increasingly popular. This paperRead MoreMedia and Unrealistic Body Image Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pageswomen across the globe in a position where they are constantly flooded with idealistic images that depict what the media perceives as the â€Å"perfect body.† Quite often, young university-attending females, those who are involved in social identity formation, are exposed to numerous forms of media that fabricate various experiences relative to body image. In the past, researchers have surveyed women who are exposed to body-related standards using multiple forms of mass media as a unified entity, which hasRead MoreA nalysis Of Jean Kilbourne s Killing Us Softly 4 Discussion At The Tedxlafayette Conference Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesdesire for its viewers to conform to the images presented therefore denying the reality to achieve profit. From the choice of clothes, romantic relations, and even the structure of the frame, our decisions are tuned to what is displayed through these advertisements. Consistently, the display of women as desirable objects has created correlations to social norms and the principles which surround the meaning of feminism across the globe. These standards create an image of what a real women should look likeRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals have transformed their appearances in order to conform to the beauty ideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes c onsider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa strive to achieve a larger body weight by eating over 15,000 calories a day in order to be more desirableRead MoreEffects Of Social Media On Female Body Image1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"When all you see is a body type that only two percent of the population has, it’s difficult to remember what’s real and what’s reasonable to expect of yourself and everyone else.† This was stated by Arielle Cutler, who studied the recent effects social media has on the female body image. Not only has media made women feel insecure about their bodies but it pinpoints exactly what bothers them. It could be weight, skin problems, height, and even a clothing style. The media sends subliminal messages

Socratic Seminar Questions (Medea) Free Essays

Socratic Seminar Questions 1. Do you think Medea should’ve let the children live? If so, who do you think she would’ve chosen and why? If not, why do you think Medea killed the children? I think it was right for Medea to kill the children. The children are a â€Å"product† during Medea and Jason’s relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Socratic Seminar Questions (Medea) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since Medea feels like Jason betrayed and tainted their relationship, she feels like letting the children not live is like destroying every last remnant of their relationship. She also feels that killing the children would punish Jason and as a mother, she doesn’t want anyone else to harm her own children, so she kills them as a sacrifice. Personally, it was a dour scene of killing the children, but it had a hidden reason into killing the children. 2. What are some major complaints Medea pleas about the treatment of women? Do you think women around the world are still facing these problems? Some of the major complaints Medea pleas about are that women cannot reject marriage because of the over dominance of men that women don’t have the power to reject or deny marriage. I believe not only Greece, but other countries around the whole world face the over dominance of men over women. Another complaint Medea states is how women are â€Å"bought and sold† by men. Women weren’t slaves back in Greece but Medea emphasizes the point that women are treated like property, being bought and sold. In the present world, there are very few or not even any countries that sell women but are treated like slaves, having limited rights than men. Lastly, she points out women are the â€Å"most unfortunate creatures†. I think the hidden message Euripides is explaining is the deplorable state of females in Greece. I think that there are still countries worldwide, facing the same situations Medea points out to the readers. In addition, I think Euripides wants readers to sympathize the state of women and how they’re treated. 3. What do you think is the difference between justice and revenge? Did Medea achieve justice or revenge? Why? There is a key difference between the definition of justice and revenge. Justice I think brings termination, an end to something, while revenge results in personal satisfaction and pleasure. Another key difference between both is that justice is what should be done while revenge is what you believe should be done. To sum everything up, justice is selfless and revenge is selfish. I think Medea achieved more of revenge because it was her personal satisfaction and plotting out, punishing Jason for his wrongdoings. In addition, her crave for revenge adulterates her life and her desire for revenge makes her a merciless character. 4. What ways does Medea bring her banishment on herself? There are many signs of how Medea creates banishment for herself. She made herself an exile out of love, leaving her land and killing her father and brother to help Jason in his quest for the Golden Fleece. Ironically thought, his betrayal leads her into banishment once more. During many scenes in the play, Medea expresses deep anguish as making herself an exile. She seems especially remorseful about leaving home and killing her father. This distance from Medea to her father is probably the worst feeling of exile she has to withstand. 5. If all people are created equal, then why do you think men have more authority than women according to Medea? One reason I think men would want more authority than women is men want to feel powerful themselves and they want a feel of playing a crucial role to society or a matriarch in a family by obtaining power. Another reason men have more authority than women is how much pressure they can take. Yes, women are smart and have intelligence, but the main problem is that women can’t take as much criticism or types of pressure as men can. That could be why men are mostly leaders of countries, they can take more pressure from society or media than women can. Lastly, I think men have more authority than women is because men are more recognized in creativity. Microsoft, Apple, Google and YouTube are examples of technological inventions by men. Men feel more recognized into their creativity. How to cite Socratic Seminar Questions (Medea), Papers

Documentation of Purposeful Rounding as a Tool to Reduce Patient Falls free essay sample

Routine, purposeful rounding is when a nurse goes to a patient’s room every one to two hours to assess and meet patient needs; thus, emphasizing communication and nursing presence. Several publications recommend that purposeful rounding include documentation of the 4 Ps: 1. Pain/Comfort: Staff will be asking Are you comfortable? Do you need pain medicine? What can we do to make you more comfortable? 2. (Potty) Toileting: Staff will be taking you to the bathroom at least every 2 hours 3. Position: Staff will help you change your position (at least every 2 hours). This helps your circulation and protects your skin. 4. Possessions: Staff will make sure that water, tissue, call bell etc†¦are within your reach , , . Situation: The current Providence flowsheet build in Epic does not provide a clear, unambiguous location to chart the four components (4 Ps) of purposeful rounding. There is no report available to track compliance with charting the four components of purposeful rounds. Providence Regional Medical Center Everett ( PRMCE) has continued to experience a high rate of patient falls, in spite of numerous internal actions to correct fall risk. Prior to the implementation of the Epic electronic health record, Providence Regional Medical Center (PRMCE) had a screen in the electronic health record for charting purposeful rounds containing the four components (4 Ps) in one flowsheet. The facility had a report that reviewed nursing assessments charted on these components as required (every two hours during hospital stay) compared to performed and documented rates for inpatients, and calculated a percent of compliance. Clinical leadership staff were able to track and manage compliance by unit on a monthly basis. In Providence Epic flowsheet charting, in order to chart on three components of purposeful rounding, staff must chart on at least two flowsheet locations; the fourth component is not present in Providence’s build of Epic today. 1. Pain/Comfort: Vital Signs/Pain assessment flowsheet Observed/reported pain/comfort pain management interventions response to pain intervention. 2. (Potty) Toileting Quickchart or Adult PCS Safety Precautions/ Fall Toileting scheduled. (Note: safety/fall precautions does not include documenting about personal items within reach). 3. Position: Quickchart or Adult PCS; Skin (Adult) Skin Interventions, Hygiene Care Hygiene items including bath, foot care, linen change, etc. a. Second way to chart Position: Quickchart or Adult PCS; Musculoskeletal Interventions (Adult) Activity/Level of Assistance, Ambulation distance (feet), symptoms noted during/after activity, positioning 4. Possesions: Not specifically available in Providence Epic flowsheet. There is no current report for Epic on purposeful rounding documentation. Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) do a majority of the care and frequently round on patients. Assessment: Best practice for hospital fall prevention includes purposeful rounds with scripted assessment and interventions. The current Providence Epic charting regarding purposeful rounds does not contribute to and in fact may hinder our goal of providing a safe environment for all our patients. We find it difficult to educate staff to chart within all areas consistently, and thus cannot be assured that our standards for purposeful rounds are being met. We cannot monitor on a daily, hourly basis which patients have received or not received purposeful rounds. We cannot monitor the purposeful rounds charting monthly via a report as we did in ProvClinicals. We do not feel that the current Epic charting build is capturing the needed components of purposeful rounding in a central place, easy for clinical caregivers (including C. N. A. s) to chart. Recommendations: 1. Development of a purposeful rounding flowsheet using existing flowsheet data, which combines information about pain/comfort, toileting, positioning, hygiene and possessions in one location for all caregivers. We recommend that a new cascading row be added to the QuickChart tab, including all the Purposeful Rounds items above in a single location. 2. Make the flowsheet easily accessible to caregivers including C. N. A. s. 3. Add the ability to view ‘purposeful rounding’ as complete or incomplete for each patient to individual patient lists (similar to whether Admit Req Doc is complete). 4. Following implementation of the above suggestions, develop and support a report request to extract information about compliance with purposeful rounding. This form will be submitted to the Interdisiplinary Coordination Workgroup (part of the Providence Electronic Health Record governance structure) for review and if approved, will create a help desk ticket to get this into the queue for the Epic analyst team to make the recommended changes above. Key Stakeholders and Communication Plan: This change would affect all inpatient units on all live ministries. Information and potentially education would need to occur for caregivers. - [ 1 ]. National Quality Forum. (2013). Patient Safety Measures: Complications Endorsement Maintenance from http://www. qualityforum. org/Projects/n-r/Patient_Safety_Measures_Complications/Patient_Safety_Measures_Complications. aspx [ 2 ]. Lakatos, BE, Capasso V, Mitchell MT, et al. Falls in the general hospital: association with delirium, advanced age, and specific surgical procedures. Psychosomatics 2009; 50:218-26. [ 3 ]. Degelau, J, Belz M, Flavin PL et al. Acute Care prevention of falls: rate of inpatient falls per 1,000 patient days. National Quality Measures Clearinghouse 2012 from http://www. qualitymeasures. ahrq. gov/content. aspx? id=36944 [ 4 ]. Meade, CM, Bursell, AL, Ketelsen L. Effects of nursing rounds: on patients’ call light use, satisfaction, and safety. AJN. September 2006; 106: 58-70. [ 5 ]. Halm, MA. Hourly Rounds: What Does the Evidence Indicate? Amer J Crit Care 2011; 18(6): 581-584. [ 6 ]. Studer Group. Hourly Rounding Supplement. Best

Malvadas by Baby Wicked and Wicked Babydoll free essay sample

It’s true that I endured four years of Spanish classes during my school days. Sure, there was conjugation after conjugation, instructional tourist videos, inane vocabulary lessons, dreadful final exams. Still, none of the teaching was geared towards interpreting Malvadas. Perhaps in a better world. But, if all I did learn from those often horrible days of classes was how to say Malvadas, I’d be satisfied. â€Å"Malvadas† means â€Å"Wicked† and that’s exactly their namesake.Theyve also undergone an unusual evolution: They went from making raunchy gangsta hits to becoming Latin Americas femme troubadours. Alas, even with the four wasted years of knowledge behind me, most of Malvadas eludes me. Aside from the English tracks that are on the album, I can’t understand more than the titles I translated, and if you think Spanish speakers speak rapidly, imagine them rapping. All in all, however, it’s a more than interesting mix, and rest assured: â€Å"malvadas† is universal. We will write a custom essay sample on Malvadas by Baby Wicked and Wicked Babydoll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But for our purposes: All users (Yes, all of them) apparently have access to Wicked Babydoll and Baby Wickeds new collaboration album right now for free courtesy of Wicked Babydoll. Even if you didnt sign up to Wicked Babydolls website, you can download the â€Å"Malvadas† album for free.

Free Essays on Gender Relations In Science Fiction

GENDER RELATIONS IN SCIENCE FICTION In today’s world, many different mediums exist whereby ideas and beliefs can be communicated to the public; however, writing continues to be one of the most common forms. Writing can be subdivided into different categories depending on the type of message that is being conveyed. For instance, the use of science fiction creates virtually limitless boundaries, thus allowing the writer to explore various themes. This flexibility, however, does not make science fiction an effective medium for conveying certain ideas. Preconceived notions always exist based on a person’s environmental development, and these notions affect the way in which a person interprets ideas. In the stories of The Left hand of Darkness, The Women Men don’t see and A Few things I know about Whileaway, science fiction fails to become a medium that challenges the typical gender roles that all readers have instilled in their minds. Although the genre of science fiction can create any surreal f orm of society, it is not an effective medium through which concepts of sexual characteristics can be challenged because pre-existing notions of gender roles that are present in the minds of each reader cannot permit such understanding. Readers can be effectively introduced to various concepts in a story through the use of a narrator. The narrator serves as a guide for the reader by offering explanations and introducing new ideas from his/her unique viewpoint. The observations from this viewpoint give a concise presentation of gender relations in each story, however, the traditional perceptions of gender remain intact and unchallenged since each perspective is derived from a character/narrator with preconceived notions. The Left Hand of Darkness is narrated almost exclusively by an envoy named Genly Ai who is sent to the planet Gethen by the Ekumen of known worlds with the mission of convincing the Gethenian leaders to join the In... Free Essays on Gender Relations In Science Fiction Free Essays on Gender Relations In Science Fiction GENDER RELATIONS IN SCIENCE FICTION In today’s world, many different mediums exist whereby ideas and beliefs can be communicated to the public; however, writing continues to be one of the most common forms. Writing can be subdivided into different categories depending on the type of message that is being conveyed. For instance, the use of science fiction creates virtually limitless boundaries, thus allowing the writer to explore various themes. This flexibility, however, does not make science fiction an effective medium for conveying certain ideas. Preconceived notions always exist based on a person’s environmental development, and these notions affect the way in which a person interprets ideas. In the stories of The Left hand of Darkness, The Women Men don’t see and A Few things I know about Whileaway, science fiction fails to become a medium that challenges the typical gender roles that all readers have instilled in their minds. Although the genre of science fiction can create any surreal f orm of society, it is not an effective medium through which concepts of sexual characteristics can be challenged because pre-existing notions of gender roles that are present in the minds of each reader cannot permit such understanding. Readers can be effectively introduced to various concepts in a story through the use of a narrator. The narrator serves as a guide for the reader by offering explanations and introducing new ideas from his/her unique viewpoint. The observations from this viewpoint give a concise presentation of gender relations in each story, however, the traditional perceptions of gender remain intact and unchallenged since each perspective is derived from a character/narrator with preconceived notions. The Left Hand of Darkness is narrated almost exclusively by an envoy named Genly Ai who is sent to the planet Gethen by the Ekumen of known worlds with the mission of convincing the Gethenian leaders to join the In...

Actions means more than words

Actions means more than words Facial expressions and body language communicate one’s intentions and emotions far better than words. Leo Tolstoy, in Anna Karenina, describes a plethora of physical descriptions, enabling the reader to more completely understand the characters’ emotional state of mind. Other characters and the narrator frequently describe Anna’s shoulders. When Vrosnky and Levin look at them, they have a surge of excitement. Dolly and Kitty notice them and are impressed. The narrator depicts her shoulders in times of discontentment or pain. In all three cases, Anna’s shoulders signify the mood at the time of the interaction. Anna’s shoulders are a tangible manifestation of her mental and emotional state, and what kind of energy she expresses. When Anna’s shoulders are described for the first time, Anna also acts promiscuously for the first time, by dancing with Vronsky, whom is expected to propose to Kitty. Kitty admires Anna’s dress, which exposed her shoulders and chest. She emphasized that â€Å"the black dress with luxurious lace was not seen on her; it was just a frame, and only she was seen – simple, natural, graceful, and at the same time gay and animated† (p.79). Anna’s dress choice is evidence of her mood; she wanted to fit within the â€Å"frame† of society’s expectations for her, yet still expose her exuberant nature. While still conforming to society’s expectations, she sympathizes with social outcasts, foreshadows her future affair. At the ball when Anna is exposing her shoulders, Kitty walks over to Anna, and interrupts a conversation, where Anna is saying, â€Å"No, I don’t throw stones (p.79). This is a reference in the bible when a woman is caught in the act of adultery. The woman is dragged into public, completely naked. The crime for adultery at the time was stoning. Jesus says, â€Å"He that is without sin among you, let him cast the first stone at her† (John 8:7). When Anna says, I don’t cast stones, she is saying that she is not without sin, but also that she may sympathize with a woman who commits adultery. The circumstances – her flirtatious mood, exposed shoulders, and the conversation foreshadow her leaving her husband in favor of Vronsky, her future lover. Once Anna becomes more comfortable with her expressive mannerism, Vronsky follows the opportunity until they consummate their relationship. The narrator compares this interaction; â€Å"as the murderer falls upon this body with animosity, as if with passion, drags it off and cuts it up, so [Vronsky] covered [Anna’s] face and shoulders with kisses† (pp.149-150). In this graphic description, the reader becomes aware of the toxic physical relationship the characters have created. Anna’s shoulders the tangible revealing of her previous mental restraint inform the reader of the characters’ actions. By comparing their physical relationship to a murder, Anna and the reader is forced to recognize that Vronsky killed her previously admired social standing because of â€Å"these kisses† on her shoulder, (p.150). Yet, she holds Vronsky’s love closely. He killed her mental resistance, and in doing so, encouraged her promiscuous behavior to grow. After an extensive stretch of time, Anna is dying from puerperal fever, and she reconsiders the growth of her scandal. She no longer holds her defiance as a dear characteristic, which is apparent in how she now carries her shoulders. As she lay in bed, â€Å"The doctor took her arms away, carefully laid her back on the pillow and covered her shoulders† (p.413). She is no longer in a position of physical power, which is represented by the doctor covering her shoulders, as if to say, you need to stop exposing yourself and return to your previous way of life. The physical recovering instigates verbal control, which she used to easily possess. She demands that Alexi Alexandrovich uncover Vronsky’s face and forgive him, which he does. Once this is complete, she prepares to die. Contrary to her plan, Anna miraculously lives, and resorts back to her previous risquà © relationship with Vronsky, much to society’s gossiping pleasure. Suppressed by the lies and exclusion, Anna decides to go to the opera to prove she does not care about society’s expectations for her. Vronsky describes Anna as she sits in a box at the show; â€Å"The setting of her head on her handsome, broad shoulders, and the restrained excitement and brilliance of her eyes and her whole face reminded him of her just as he had seen her at the ball in Moscow† (p. 546). Her shoulders are described as broad, which could mean they were drawing more attention than usual. It is interesting that the singer’s shoulders are the only other shoulders described in this scene. Obviously, being the main performer, the singer is seeking attention. By also wearing a revealing dress, Anna is competing for attention with the performer. She succeeds. Vronsky, not looking for Anna knows where she is sitting â€Å"from the direction of all eyes† (p.545). Anna is the center of attention. She ends up in a cyclical process: Anna is excited to prove she can act however she wants, so she dresses in a revealing manor exposing her shoulders, then when people stare and gossip she becomes even more excited. By showing her shoulders, she is physically displaying her emotional state of excited defiance toward social expectations. In Anna’s final moments of life, she looses her mental vigor. When she is at the train station looking for Vrosnky in a completely agitated state, she suddenly thinks of the train as a way to end her misery. â€Å"Exactly at the moment when the space between the wheels came opposite her, she dropped the red bag, and drawing her head back into her shoulders, fell on her hands under the carriage, and lightly, as though she would rise again at once, dropped on to her knees† (p. 768). Tolstoy describes Anna as â€Å"drawing her head back into her shoulders,† which could be a metaphor for her physical and emotional trial. During her entire relationship with Vronsky, there has been a struggle between what she verbally says and what her body reveals. When she meets Vronsky for the first time, â€Å"she deliberately extinguished the light in her eyes, but it shone against her will,† (p.61). At a party she encourages him to leave her alone, and when he refuses says , That only shows you have no heart, But her eyes said that she knew he had a heart, and that was why she was afraid of him.† (p.139). This is a reoccurring struggle, so when Anna finally has no more mental strength to fight the oppression of her situation, she acts purely how her body has wanted to the entire time. In her dying moments, her head, which represents her mental strength, falls onto her shoulders, which represents her physical desire. Her final moments are her mental ending her externally expressed internal struggle. This struggle can be related to Vronsky’s attention and Anna’s resistance. It is not accidental that both Anna’s shoulders and promiscuousness appear at the same time; when her shoulders are described, and when they are not, are based on her intentions. At the train station, when she first arrives in Petersburg and meets Vronsky, â€Å"she deliberately extinguished the light in her eyes, but it shone against her will†(p. 61). Upon their meeting, her shoulders are not depicted. Every other feature is described: her figure, expression, head, eyes, eyelashes, and lips. She tries to distinguish the light, which shows she is committed to maintaining her social expectations, despite her attraction to Vronsky. Similarly, at a party she encourages him to leave her alone, and again, her shoulders are not described. By dressing to expose her shoulders, she no longer attempts to restrain the defiant energy within her. Tolstoy is aware of the relationship between mental thought and physical action; he expresses his understanding of body language as a form of communication through his descriptions of Anna’s shoulders. While Anna’s mental strength is what was extinguished by her inner struggle, other characters are aware of her trials because of her expression of her body, particularly her shoulders. When she allowed Vronsky to kill her social standing, she introduced the beginning to her tragic end. Had she never exposed her shoulders, she would have maintained her moderate existence and extensive prestige.

I wore a mask, and my face grew to fit it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I wore a mask, and my face grew to fit it - Essay Example I was lucky because I have very supporting parents. However, reflecting back on those experiences, I could say that those were the times when I wore a mask. Wearing a mask means not showing my real feelings but feigning them just to please my parents. Every good child wishes for his/her parents to be happy. In order to make them happy, one would normally do things that would please one’s parents and make them proud. For example, a child would study hard, aim for good marks, or aspire for the most valuable player award. To please my parents, I wore a mask to be what my parents expected me to be. During times I felt weak and afraid, I wore that mask of courage and aggressiveness. When I felt longing to hide at my father’s back on the first day of school, I wore a mask of confidence to avoid disappointing him. When I felt like sinking in my mother’s lap, I wore a mask of strength to perform an oratorical speech in school. In fact, I have worn many masks in many places just to make my parents feel proud. The mask allowed me to be the person my parents wanted me to be and to bring out the best in me. At first, the mask felt rather unfit and too tight, but as I wore it, it felt comfortable to use, it was as if my f ace grew to fit it. Using the mask that my parents caused me to wear has made me the person that I am right now, full of courage, strength and goals. The mask allowed me to discover my capabilities and talents. If I did not wear it in grade school, I would have been ostracized. If I do not wear it today, I will not gain acceptance in the university, and will not have the means to achieve my dreams. The mask has allowed me to exist in the present world, where other mask wearers like me exist (Shadowmat.org). It has gained me appreciation and respect not only from my parents but also from other people around me: my teachers, classmates, friends, and neighbors. The

Two smillier articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two smillier articles - Essay Example One of the components is the transforming growth factor, also known as TGF B-1. This is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is in the heart, meaning that it is a main protein that functions with relation to helping to fight immunity. It has been found that individuals who have a higher concentration of TGF B-1 in the heart also create atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Those who have regular coronary artery disease are not as likely to have the plasma concentration of TGF B-1. Those with both degenerative heart valves and regular coronary valves have a lower amount of TGF B-1, as well as a higher distribution amount of the cytokine throughout the body (Attaran et al, 2010). . The article used (Attaran et al, 2010), conducted a study to determine why those with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries create this specific dysfunction, as opposed to a regular coronary artery disease. 158 patients were studied who were undergoing treatment for coronary artery disease for the first time and which were required to have valve surgery. To conduct this survey, the enzyme inhibitors to the heart were stopped. After this was complete for a period of time, the blood from the heart was collected to determine how the plasma functioned within the heart. Enzyme linked chemicals were used to detect the amount of TGF B-1 that was in each patient’s blood. The results were then compared to the amount of TGF B-1 that was in the normal population and from those who had normal functioning of the heart (Attaran et al, 2010). There were several associations found between the dysfunction of atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and TGF B-1. It was found that those with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries also suffered from hypertension and myocardial infarction in the past. It was also found that the mean concentration for TGF B-1 was lower than the normal population

Grocery Retail Market Analysis Essay Example for Free

Grocery Retail Market Analysis Essay Grocery retailing in the US is a very mature, saturated market. Consumers will, however always need to buy food. The industry is generally a high volume/low margin market, which is made up of over 65,000 supermarkets, hypermarkets, and grocery stores combining for annual revenues of about $938 billion. The necessity of effective supply chain management, keeping costs low, has resulted in an extreme concentration of the market, where the top 20 competitors generate over 67% of the industry annual revenue. Wal-Mart, which is considered to be a hypermarket, leads in grocery retailing with 225. 12 billion sales resulting in 24% value share during 2010. The second and third leading grocery retailers in the US are Kroger and Supervalu with 76.7 billion (7%) and 40.8 billion (4%) 2010 sales (value shares), respectively. (GMID Global Market Information Database) The industry is made up of four types of channels, consisting of supermarkets, hypermarkets, discounters, and convenience stores. Supermarkets are the largest channel and continue to appeal to shoppers because of the proximity to their homes and workplaces. Hypermarkets, which include Wal-Mart, are predicted to be the fastest growing channel and although are often less convenient for consumers than other grocery outlets, many believe it is worth the trip to save some money and are willing to drive a bit further to visit hypermarkets. Discounters offer a low-cost option for consumers by streamlining many operations. Finally, Convenience stores are known for quick shopping trips, but consumers typically do not think of convenience stores as a place to stock up on groceries. Grocery retailing as a whole grew by 2% in 2010, however the discounters experienced the strongest growth of 6%. Retailers in the discounters channel generally hold smaller inventories and tend to carry only a single brand of each item to keep costs low. The uncharacteristically strong growth in 2010 was due in large part to the expansion of Aldi throughout the US. After seeing considerable success in 2009, Aldi decided to expand its presence in the US and reported 68 billion in 2010 sales (Hoovers). Along with the growth in 2010, the number of grocery outlets declined by 1% in the US. During this year the consumer purchasing habits changed, resulting in shoppers making more trips to the grocery store each week and spending slightly more. Shoppers are spending 1.5 percent more weekly on groceries, bring the average to $99.90, but are spending less at their primary grocery store. At these stores the share of total grocery dollars spent fell to 75.4 percent in 2010 from 76.6 percent in 2009 according to the 2010 US Grocery Shopper Trends report by the Food Marketing Institute. The busy and fully scheduled American lifestyle leaves consumers constantly seeking convenient shopping solutions, and grocery retailing is no exception. However, with the recession in 2009, consumers focused more on value and price than on convenience. Consumers have become more willing to go out of their way to drive to and find venues that offer lower prices. This has resulted in intense price-based competition from mass merchandisers and warehouse clubs. In 2010, competition intensified across channels within the grocery retailing sector. As hypermarkets and discounters took share away from supermarkets in 2009, many supermarkets reacted by opening new formats or lowering prices in 2010 to win back consumers. Several national supermarket chains discounted prices and expanded their private label offerings. Coupon use also grew significantly in 2009 and 2010, as consumers became more comfortable looking for and using coupons (GMID Global Market Information Database). Additionally, the channel shifting caused by the economic downturn caused many new trends to help lure customers back and retain loyal customers. Many supermarkets are offering greater incentives through loyalty cards, while others are expanding product selections and focusing on the growing Hispanic population in the US. Primarily supermarkets have begun employing dieticians to be on-site in stores focusing on health and wellness. Consumers can ask dieticians questions about specific conditions and help find the right products. Another factor that will greatly affect this channel is the growth of grocery delivery in the US. Peapod currently operates in several markets, as does Safeway. Sears and Meijer both announced plans to test grocery delivery in certain cities, while Publix is testing curb-side pick-up.

The Rewarding Career of a Veterinarian Essay -- animals, clinic, rease

Many people have lost their pets and close family members because there is no way to get the help or medical attention that the animal so desperately needed. Every day in the United States, veterinarians are working hard to save animal’s lives. People will always continue to want and to breed pets. Therefore, to help and cure all these pets, a steady stream of veterinarians will be needed for many years to come. Over the years, the requirements and processes to becoming a veterinarian have changed. To become a successful veterinarian one must complete all necessary education and on the job training, be friendly and love animals, and have a burning passion to help both the pet and the pet owner. For anyone to become a veterinarian, one must have all the necessary requirements for both education and on the job training. During high school, science courses are highly recommended. After high school, one must obtain their doctor of veterinary medicine degree. To achieve this goal, Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center says one must â€Å"attend 4 years at college of veterinary medicine, complete 45-90 hours of undergraduate study, and must pass at least one examination in the state at in which they intend to practice† (3-4 2014). During a person’s schooling, Veterinarians are expected to make decent grades and to show an interest for learning the sciences as well as technology. Besides having the education, a person must also indulge in some training both on the job and in shadowing experiences. Most if not all training will be completed in veterinarian school and will allow the veterinarian to start working right away. â€Å"According to the 2006-07 edition o f the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, in 2004 annual sala... ...ool and dedication are necessary for succeeding in a career. Works Cited Greenland, Paul R., and Anna Marie L. â€Å"Veterinarian.† Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center.Facts On File, Inc. Web. 9. Jan. 2014. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? Item ID= WE34&SID=58iPin=COCEO66&SingleRecord=True. Devantier, Alecia T., and Carol A. Turkington, Carol A. . â€Å"Holistic Veterinarian.† Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center. Facts on File. Inc. Web. 14 Jan 2014. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? Item= WE34&SID=iPin=EJAN10016&SingleRecord=Truen. â€Å"Veterinarians† Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center. Facts on File, Inc. Web. 9 Jan 2014. Lee, Mary Price, Lee, Richard S. In: McGraw Hill Professional. Edition: Rev. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2009. eBook. Todd, Benton. Personal Interview. 26 Nov 2013.

Learning Framework Essay

1. I want my family to be proud of me. 2. I want to earn my degree in Network Management. 3. I want my children to be encouraged to stay in school and not quit. The reason I choose the three I did was because I have always felt like I could never do right in my family’s book. I am an unwed mother of five children and I have been ridiculed for that. I have always failed where my family is concerned. I figure going to school and making me better would help to fix that. I choose my degree in Network Management because I love computers and I am very good with them. I have a desktop that I built from the ground up and that is what also helped me decide this degree. When it comes to my children, I do not want them to quit school at a young age like I did and the years later figure out that they cannot get a job without a High School Diploma or a GED. I want them to get their careers out of the way before they have children so that they can have a secure future and not be struggling like I have for years. College for me is not only for me, but my children also. I want them to know that if I can do it, they can do it. I always tell them you can be whatever you decide to be in life. Having an education plays a major role in that I believe.

Payment security

Most online customers expect to be able to pay for their goods online by credit or debit card. However, they want to be insure that their details will be kept confidential. To be secure all online payments must be: * Private and confidential only between customer and seller. * Conveyed intact and without any changes during transition. * Deleted fro the system after payment has been completed. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) allows standard browser such as Internet Explorer to send and receive information securely. Provides its users with secure payment, its users can check it by looking locked padlock symbol or â€Å"https† on the address line. SET (Secure Electronic Transfer) is more secure for online payments then SSL because information of the card e.g. card number wont be shown to seller, as when a cards company will authenticate the card through a digital signature. Unfamiliar trading conditions Unfamiliar trading can affect both, the business and its customers. The main reason for this is that online trading was relatively slow to take of, as customers were worried about buying services and goods online. However, once a new customer bought something online without any problems he/she becomes more confident to shop online. Businesses that are less successful than anticipated could have unsold products therefore they may struggle to pay money back which they have borrowed to pay website development. If customer that shop online won't get their answer quickly and receive the order on time then customers are unlikely to use their service or buy goods from that business in future. Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed Errors in ordering However, order forms to be foolproof. This is possible to minimize customer errors. This corresponds to other customers making this error, such as making duplicate the original form twice. There has to be a comprehensive return policy which takes the legal right of customers present. You must enter the information before the order can be accepted. Most of the forms are designed this way. This could be useful in large amount of quantities or other similar errors that are reported before the order is complete. However, this could be an automated process. In order to this very large (or preferably copying) orders may be singled out so that the customer can be contacted by a call phone or email before they can go ahead with anything. Customers that do online shopping are guaranteed to be protected by the law, that states the Sales of Goods Act and also the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 this also applies to all other customers. There is also another act (The Sales and Supply of goods to Consumers Regulations 2002) which also gives customers right to return any goods that are damaged, this refers if the were bough in a store or on the net. Customers have the right to hand in any items which has been damaged for another item of better quality for whatever reason it may be. For an example items such as clothes that are not of the correct size or that is not a real product (duplicate, this can be checked on the actual website) can be refunded. Potential use of personal information Due to personal information organisations that keep forwent information about individuals whether on a PC system or in written words should be vital to register the information commissioner and comply with the terms with the Data Protection Act 1998. This means that the data in the PC or on paper must be accurate. This must be kept secure as long as necessary. However, this means that other businesses cannot make this information be visible on the website or misplace any details of customer to other individuals. In relation to this website must include privacy policy that ensures how information is to be used wisely by the business. This also relates to visitors which have collected by cookies and/or during a registration or ordering process. The PCECR (Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations) also gives other businesses permission to send people via emails to individuals who have opt in by giving the permission to receive them. This means the do not have the right to send promotional emails without the candidates/clients promotion. This refers to why such emails also include the option for the client to unsubscribe at any time. Vulnerability to hostile attack It states that accordingly to the (NHTCU) which stands for National Hi-Tech Crime Unit. Cybercrime could cost UK businesses a tremendous worth of billions of pounds per annum. Not only large scale business which are threatened by hackers, spoof websites or denial of services attack. For example when few set up his highly successful website which was a million dollars he was also treated by the (DOS) attacks this to black mail blackmail demands which were high. In this case a DOS attack only occurs when a certain website is overloaded with highly useful data via email in the short period of time so that the website is brought back down. Websites are together by same users which are most known as hack mailers when they are at the most vulnerable state these for times such as seasonal times for example Christmas at time like this hack mailer would loose a retailer a sum gaining up to a million worth of pounds. A spoof is the definition of when a hijacker duplicates a website as a version of which customers may use, this will make customers think that they were dealing with actual organisation. However, this is easy to spot because it is copied very badly and links are replaced which lead to some illegal pornographic sites this is usually to mislead the companies reputation. This could be fatal as customers are asked to enter their bank details or credit card details which can be obtained by hackers which take all the customer money. Financial fraud can be caused by hackers getting into the organisations bank account. To the firm when payments are siphoned off or directed to the spoof site or even when customers are sent spoof mail asking for details which are personal this is also known as (phishing) Operational risks Website updating All websites must have someone to look after it and be updating it regularly so information is correct, up to date and all the products that are not in stock have a note â€Å"out of stock†. The inferior thing is for customer to see that pages where not updated for a long period of time, for example a year or more. In some ways wrong or out-of date information can cause serious issues. Liability for wrong or out of date information Under the act of Trades Descriptions Act and E-commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 the information which is provided on the website must be stated correctly. A business that purposely gives wrong information could be recognised under these two acts. If customer chooses to react based on the outdated and incorrect information there might be a case to give an answer- even thought many websites have a ‘disclaimer' to covet that type of issue. In relation this refers to website. For example NHS has to be more aware about accuracy of the information it gives than Asda. Language problems with global customer base World wide businesses that usually have a lot of customers should give their customers a choice of different languages. To help customers to notice that website has different languages that they can use. They can put a country flag at the top corner of the site. Other smaller businesses that are national businesses do not provide this feature to their customers. Therefore there is bigger possibility that other nationality customers might get mixed up when they will want to buy goods. This is the main reason why many organisations take disclaimer clauses. Therefore websites such as Marks and Spenser only take orders that matches description accurately that is on the site, also firm is not responsible for any product to be used out of the country. Small businesses which wish to sell goods to outside businesses have two options to choose from. They can to work through a local agent or to have expectation for their service translation. It must be completed by specialist because online translators that can be found via Google are only useful for phrases to a pen friend, not for significant documents. Hardware and software failures All of PC users are depended on their internet service provider to have access to go online. However all internet services have technical faults and user will lose access to the internet until fault is not repaired. This can cause serious trouble to any online business especially if the website is not working for any period of time. There might not be any problems with ISP. However, the system itself can build up a fault. Software can be spoiled and hardware could break down. This is the mail reason why many online businesses have a back up servers, therefore if one server breaks down it will automatically switch to the second server. Software problems can be caused by several things for example programming error or in the course of a virus. None of these methods will help, even if there is a foremost failure. That's why some online businesses have their websites hosted offsite in a safe area where they have experts that are accessible to fix and re-establish the system quickly. Data loss There are many reasons data to be lost. In fact there are 1.7 million reports acknowledged in Europe of data loss every year. The main reasons for data lost are: * Theft, for example laptop theft- 5% of data loss every year * Computer virus – 7% of data loss every year * Software file corruption- 13% of data loss every year * Human error, for example unintentional removal-31% of data loss every year * Hardware failure, for example drive failure-41% of data loss every year * Hardware loss for example during flood or fire- 3% of data loss every year It is very recommended for online businesses to do daily back ups because if there are any problems they can always reinstall its system within 24 hours of the problem happening. In addition it is also ordinary to back up system before making any changes, therefore if there are any problems system can be restored easily. Individual users should also train them selves to keep important data safe and back up their files regularly. Global business regulations Many people know that there are many differences between Britain and other countries. A packet of crisps or box of chocolate that you buy on holiday, even if they are made in UK they will still have a different package and will be in a language of that country the they are sold. Cars are made with left or right hand drive, record distance travelled in miles or kilometres, and is intended to fulfil with specific system on emissions and noise levels- which again vary from one country to another. Any type of business that is intending to sell on a global basis have to be ensure that all products fulfil with the appropriate law and technical policy that apply in that country of sale. Even if the country is English speaking it doesn't mean that it will have the same laws. For example Australia has different principles than UK, therefore many goods have to be customized or â€Å"Australianised† before the can be sold there. Many countries have different laws, for example in USA health and safety equipments are different from UK and other European countries. Therefore if specific product fails to meet the terms that apply in that country, then product will be banded from entering the country.

Brisoes Homeware Essay Example

Brisoes Homeware Essay Example Brisoes Homeware Essay Brisoes Homeware Essay International Business Programme Introduction to International Business Disclaimer: The information furnished in this report is purely for academic purposes and in no way does it reflect the firm’s position in reality. Prepare by Jason Word Count: 2018 excluding references Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Findings 4 2. 1 Briscoes Homeware 4 2. 1. 1 Company Background and Current Operations 4 2. 1. 2 Reasons for Expansion 5 2. 2 Target Market Selection 6 2. 2. 1 Aspects of Business Environment in China 6 2. 2. Comparison of China and Japan 7 2. 3 Entry Mode Selection 8 2. 3. 1 Comparison of Entry Modes 8 3. Conclusion 10 1. Introduction The main scope of this report is based on the current position of Briscoes Homeware and the economy environment of Asian countries. Also entry methods of foreign investment are being analysed for the choice of entering a foreign market. Recommendations based on personal point of view were stated for Briscoes Homeware in order to avoid risk s of foreign investment. 2. Findings 2. 1 Briscoes Homeware *2. 1. * Company Background and Current Operations 2. 1. 2 Reasons for Expansion 2. 2 Target Market Selection 2. 2. 1 Aspects of Business Environment in China In China, Chinese concept of Face has something to do with the image or credibility of the person to dealing with. People should never, insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person. In ancient times, a Chinese warrior chief, after losing a battle, may commit suicide because he has lost face. While this may no longer occur, the concept of face remains alive and well in China. Awareness of face and its impact is an extremely important cultural issue. 2. 2. 2 Comparison of China and Japan 2. 3 Entry Mode Selection 2. 3. 1 Comparison of Entry Modes Exporting is the marketing and direct sale of goods in foreign country, which is a traditional way of approaching foreign markets. It offers a company the complete control over production to reach the target market with a low-cost initial investment. In contrast, the low-cost manufacture and high cost of transport or tariff might create a barrier for products exporting. Franchising is an independent operator buying an existing business from the owner to gain the right to distribute its products, techniques, and trademarks in a particular way that required by the franchisor. It could cause difficulties to the franchisor to monitor the operational activities and procedures of a foreign franchisee. A wholly owned subsidiary refers to a firm as the foreign investors own 100 percent of its shares. Entering a wholly owned subsidiary requires knowledge of foreign management with high risk and commitment. It can help the firm to avoid problems of integration and retain full control of its operation. 2. 3. 2 Selected Entry Mode Justification 3. Conclusion 3. 1 Summary Briscoes Homeware is one of the largest retailers in home ware appliance in New Zealand. The revenue and profit are under the negative effect of the financial crisis since 2008. China is the most appropriate place for its expansion as the target market since the large population as the potential consumer, and the low labour cost as the clear advantage over Japan. After comparison of several entry methods for Briscoes Homeware to set up business in a foreign market, joint venture would be more appropriate than other entry modes. The knowledge of local environment and the business linkage are the main advantages of Briscoes Homeware to form a partnership with local firms. 3. 2 Recommendations In China, even the living standards have improved substantially; the incomes and consumption of average household still remain quite low in rural areas. Urban areas with higher purchase power of potential customers would be the ideal location of Briscoes Homeware to set up new stores. Choose the right partner is the key factor of success in a joint venture. Collecting information of candidates’ linkage and experience in local business environment should be carried out as well as examining their distribution network and facilities. Before Briscoes Homeware makes the decision to choose a suitable partner, certain period of time is required to conduct the research on local firms. 4. References Briscoe Group Ltd. (2009). Director Profiles. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from briscoegroup. co. nz/content. asp? cont=directors Briscoe Group Ltd. (2009). Annual Report: For the Period End 25 January 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from briscoegroup. co. nz/documents/BR2590%20Ann%20Report%2009%20V10. pdf Dallas, N. (2007). How to Do Business in China: 24 Lessons in Engaging the Dragon. NSW: McGraw-Hill. McGregor, J. (2005). One Billion Customers: Lessons _From the Front Lines of Doing Business in China_. New York: Free Press.

Great Lakes Dangerous Currents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Lakes Dangerous Currents - Research Paper Example These lakes develop substantial water currents which pose a danger to swimmers and other merry makers. Around the beach, strong currents from the lake may spill over causing immediate floods. In addition, storms may develop over the water, thus compromising on the safety of small water vessels like boats. Based on these facts, local authorities concerned with marine habitats have conducted research are analysis on dangers posed by Great Lakes currents. According to Allen (2013), research results on intensity and strength of dangerous currents are used in conducting public education on combat strategies and safety measures to adopt while swimming around the lake’s shores. This essay appraises the breadth and depth of hazard associated with the currents. Appraisal will involve acknowledging available scientific information related to causes and nature of Great Lakes dangerous currents. Nature of Currents Prior to evaluating the nature of Great Lakes currents, it is appropriate t o develop a comprehensive understanding of water currents in general. In this case, water currents refer to massive movement of water at significant velocity either towards or away from the shores. These massive movements result from phenomenal incidences like breaking waves, temperature difference and dynamics in direction and speed of wind. In the context of lakes, speeding wind may cause water to accumulate and move fast towards the shoreline. On reaching a lake’s shoreline, those currents break after hitting the solid sand and moves backwards into the lake. In most cases, what determines the level of danger associated with currents is the speed and direction of water movement. John and Stephen (2011) say that fast currents are more dangerous than slow currents. On the other hand, Allen (2013) agrees that currents moving out into the lake are more lethal compared to those moving towards the shoreline. Causes of Death Great Lakes of Michigan are known to develop dangerous c urrents causes drowning and eventual deaths. Statistics shows that every year, deaths recorded by authorities within the lake increase at a rate of 3%. In the recent past, young males are on the receiving end. Male college students and teenagers are prone to drowning because of their enthusiastic and adventurous nature of swimming. In most cases, those killed by the currents were either pulled away from the shore or they were trying to rescue a drowning friend. According to Michigan State University (2013), trying to rescue a drowning person can be dangerous, especially whenever the rescuer is not wearing floatation equipment. On the other hand, people tend to panic whenever they are caught up with a retreating current. As acknowledged earlier, these retreating currents develop as a result of breaking waves. Great Lakes have a lot of structures like piers and walls which can initiate currents. Actual Status of the Lakes Lake Michigan Of all the Great Lakes in the state Lake Michigan features as the leading cause of fatalities associated with dangerous currents each year. One reason for this notorious trend is because Lake Michigan is undergoing an infrastructural development period. These infrastructural breakthroughs are increasing the Lake’s popularity among domestic and international tourists. Apart from the significant tourists’ population, Lake Michigan also has unique beaches with pre-disposing factors which favor

CriticalThinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CriticalThinking - Essay Example This will probably be a rural setting and thus may feel inferior while speaking the formal language. On the other hand, the person who prefers the formal language may be from an urban setting and thus more exposed than the letter. The argument above clarifies to us how the language spoken may say almost everything concerning our values and affiliations (Fisher 43) . Consequently, it is indispensable for one to be vigilant on which language to use when he wants to portray a specific impression. It is also evident that anyone who ignores this is either a child who is naà ¯ve or a drunkard who is simply careless. On the other hand, considering the views of another philosopher, it is very necessary, if we consider objective analysis of views before accepting them as lies or truths. To begin with, we look at a situation were by an individual is giving a testimony in a court of law. In this case, the judge must be careful, analytical and sensitive in order to give a fair judgment. He must make good use of critical thinking, in order to achieve this. In this context, we must make use of certain critical thinking facts, such as having a good understanding of things that may influence our judgment. Some of these factors may include Perception, which is something that may come up in our mind in terms of an impression (Fisher 99). Depending on our upbringing, there are things that we grew to learn as either wrong or right. Dogmatism where an individual only wants to believe in only what he knows and does not want to know anything knew. An individual’s past experience will always influence his thoughts and decisions. For instance, a child who fell from a tree when he was young will always avoid climbing on trees, or if he does climb on one, he will be very careful. These factors will always influence once decisions, and as a result, one must consider them (Fisher 63). In this case, the judge must be able to observe and

Strategic Analysis of the Body Shop International Research Paper

Strategic Analysis of the Body Shop International - Research Paper Example Based on the strategic internal analysis of the resources, capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses of the company and the analysis of the industry and global environments, it is reported that despite the highly competitive nature of the industry the company's performance can be stated to be more than satisfactory. Strategically the company would do well with the continuance of its own store design format and with the reduction of the dependence on the franchising mode of expansion. 1.0 Introduction While 'business strategy' represent the goal of the company to attain sustainable competitive advantage in one of the businesses of the company, 'corporate strategy' represents the objective of the company to manage multi-business activities to create corporate-wide advantage that will benefit each of the business the company owns and operates. The corporate strategy looks into the opportunities available to the company both internally and externally to enhance its competitive strengths and sustain its sales growth and profitability. A strategic analysis of any company thus includes assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the company on the basis of the internal environment as well as threats and opportunities that the company is subjected to because of its relative positioning in the market and the industry. This report on the Body Shop International Plc reports on the efforts of the company to enhance and to sustain its competitive advantages. 1.1 Global Cosmetic Industry - A Background The cosmetics and Toiletries Industry has registered an all round growth of 5 percent during the year 2006 as against the growth in the year 2005. This growth is the overall highest growth rate of... The cosmetics and Toiletries Industry has registered an all round growth of 5 percent during the year 2006 as against the growth in the year 2005. This growth is the overall highest growth rate of the industry since the year 2001. The growth of the industry is facilitated by the presence of strong macro economic factors signifying a worldwide increase in the consumer spending power. With the highest growth rate of 13 percent, Eastern Europe, and Latin America were the fastest growing regional markets. Western Europe accounts for less than 30 percent of the total market with a sales growth of just 3 percent in the year 2006. The sales in the North American region which include the United States Market were above $ 50 billion. The Asia Pacific region also has the characters of a key market with the potential linked to factors like large population, enhanced disposable income, modernized retail and distribution networks and increased consumer awareness – thanks to globalization. On the regional levels, Russia represented the largest market with a sale of $ 8.5 billion accounting for about 40 percent of the regional sales value. In the analysis of products, skin care products with the sales value of $ 60.1 billion in the year 2006 are the largest segment of all cosmetic and toiletries items which also is the fastest growing product of the industry. The market generally uses the distribution channels like supermarkets/hypermarkets, specialist stores, pharmacies and departmental stores.

Country Analysis Report - Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Country Analysis Report - Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Being a growing country, the government has launched strategies to encourage integration of the digital technology within the business sector. In this light, this is a potential market for ICT infrastructure. If Apple invests in this business sector, it is likely to benefit from high market demand, high customer loyalty, less competition and a stable market position. With a high bargaining power, the organization should expect more profits from this environment. These benefits are expected to last in the long term. The challenges that exist in this market sector cost of imports, delay in obtaining a license and high construction costs. In fact, this market is ranked as one of the hardest market for foreign investors to launch their products. This makes it quite hard for Apple Inc to launch its business plan in this market. Its ability to design a strategy that overcomes these challenges will determine its survival in this market. Numerous risks threaten business survival in this mark et. Existence of terrorism and political instability promises an unpredictable future within this market environment. Also, religious conflicts make it hard to predict consumer behavior in this market. On entry in this market, Apple Inc should be aware of these risk and devise plans to neutralize them. Altogether, Apple Inc should consider entry in this market as challenges and risks are inevitable in every market environment. Saudi Arabia Analysis Report Introduction In the 21st century, there is pressure for every business organization to push its operations in the international markets as a strategic plan to target more customers and optimize profits. Before developing an international investment plan, it is crucial to conduct a thorough environmental market scanning before choosing potential countries where business is viable. This process requires a clear identification of the opportunities available in the country, risk, difficulties and potential of the target country. This h elps a business entity to understand the nature of the new market, and decide whether it is worth to invest in this country. In addition, this helps the organization to devise the right market entry strategy to take advantage of the opportunities, neutralize risks and overcome difficulties associated with the new environment. Understanding the market environment goes way far in determining the success of the organization within the international market. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that are becoming potential investment market sectors especially in the field of technology. As the country struggles to absorb technology within its industry, there is potential for ICT business in this part of the world. However, this market has associated risks that pose threat to business survival in this industry. For Apple Inc, this market sector is a potential investment environment due to the demand of technology infrastructure that is building up in this country. Although Apple Inc produc ts are already trending in this market, there is need to develop a manufacturing plant in this country to take better advantage of this market. This report is a presentation of the image of the Business environment in Saudi Arabia. It presents the opportunities, benefits, risks and difficulties that Apple Inc would encounter in launching manufacturing operations in this Saudi Arabia. The ICT Potentials of

A Survey on Ranking in Information Retrieval System

A Survey on Ranking in Information Retrieval System Shikha Gupta Abstract Available information is expanding day by day and this availability makes access and proper organization to the archives critical for efficient use of information. People generally rely on information retrieval (IR) system to get the desired result. In such a case, it is the duty of the service provider to provide relevant, proper and quality information to the user against the query submitted to the IR System, which is a challenge for them. With time, many old techniques have been modified, and many new techniques are developing to do effective retrieval over large collections. This paper is concerned with the analysis and comparison of various available page ranking algorithms based on the various parameters to find out their advantages and limitations in ranking the pages. Based on this analysis of different page ranking algorithms, a comparative study has been done to find out their relative strengths and limitations. This paper also tries to find out the further scope of researc h in page ranking algorithm. Keywords Information Retrieval (IR) System, Ranking, Page Rank, HITS, WPR, WLR, Distance Rank, Time Rank, Query Dependent, Context. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Information Retrieval System Information retrieval systems are defined as some collection of components and processes which takes input in the form of a query from the user to the system, then compares it with the information which has been collected by the system, and then produce an output, which is some set of texts or information objects considered to be related to the query. It is the activity of obtaining the information resources which are relevant to an information need(query) from a collection of information resources. Data structure used by an IR system is Inverted index which is an index of {term, doc IDs} entries. IR system consists of three main components: firstly the user in the system; then the knowledge resource on which the user has an access and with which s/he interacts; and, a person(s) and/or device(s) that supports and mediates the interaction of the user with the knowledge resource (the intermediary). User FeedbackUser Query RankedExecutable DocumentsQuery Fig: IR architecture In an IR System the processes which are to be considered as important are: Representation of the user’s information problem which is in the form of texts in the knowledge resource: e.g. indexing; Comparison of representation of texts and information problem: e.g. retrieval techniques; Interaction between the user and an intermediary: e.g. human-computer interaction or reference interview; and, sometimes, Judgment of appropriateness of the text to information problem submitted by the user: e.g. relevance judgments; and Modification of the representation of an information problem: e.g. query reformulation or relevance feedback. 1.2 Ranking Ranking is a process of arranging the resulted documents in the order of their relevancy. An information retrieval process begins when the user enters aqueryinto a system. Queries can be defined as formal statements ofinformation needs, for example the search strings in web search engines. In information retrieval not only a single object uniquely identifies a query in the collection, rather, several objects may match the query, but, with different degrees ofrelevancy. Most of the IR systems compute a numeric score for each object in the database to determine how well each of them matches the query, and then it rank the objects according to this calculated value. After ranking, objects having top ranks are shown to the user. The user can then iterate the process by refining the query, if required. Use of ranking To improve search quality. To do effective retrieval over large collections. Granting relevant, efficient, fast and quality information against the user query. 2. RELATED WORK In this paper, a review of previous work on ranking is given. In the field of ranking, many algorithms and techniques have already been proposed but they all seem to be less efficient in efficiently granting the rank. The various algorithms are defined below. . Page Rank Algorithm Page Rank Algorithm is one of the most common ranking algorithms. It is alink analysisalgorithm which provides a way of measuring the importance of pages. Its working is based on the number and quality of links to a page to make a rough estimate of the importance of the page. It is based on the assumption that more important pages are will receive more links from other pages. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given elementEis referred to as thePageRank of Eand is denoted by PR (E). HITS Algorithm Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search(HITS; also known ashubs and authorities) is alink analysisalgorithmthat rates pages. In links and out links of the web pages are processed to rank them. A good hub represents a page that pointes to many other pages, and a good authority represents a page that was linked by many different hubs. The scheme therefore assigns two scores for each page: its authority, which estimates the value of the content of the page, and its hub value, which estimates the value of its links to other pages. HITS algorithm has the limitation of assigning high rank value to some popular pages that are not highly relevant to the given query. Hubs Authorities Fig: Hubs and Authorities Weighted Page Rank Algorithm Weighted Page Rank algorithm (WPR) is an extension to the standard Page Rank algorithm. The importance of both in-links and out-links of the pages are taken into account. Rank scores are distributed based on the popularity of the pages. Number of in-links and out-links are observed to determine the popularity of a page. This algorithm performs better than the conventional Page Rank algorithm in terms of returning a large number of relevant pages to the given query. Weighted Links Rank Algorithm Weighted links rank (WLRank) algorithm is a variant of Page Rank algorithm. Different page attributes are considered to give more weight to some links, for improving the precision of the answers. Various page attributes which are considered for assigning the weight are: tag in which the link is contained, length of the anchor text and relative position in the page. The use of anchor text is the best attribute of this algorithm. Distance Rank Algorithm It is an intelligent ranking algorithm based on learning. In this algorithm, the distance between pages is calculated. The distance is deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ned as the number of ‘‘average clicks’’ between two pages. It considers distance between pages as a punishment and therefore aims at minimizing this distance so that a page with less distance will get a higher rank. The Advantage of this algorithm is that it can find pages with high quality and more quickly with the use of distance based solution. Also, the complexity of Distance Rank is low. The Limitation of this algorithm is that it requires a large calculation to calculate the distance vector. Time Rank Algorithm This algorithm utilizes the time factor to increase the accuracy of the web page ranking. In this the rank score is improved by using the visit time of the page. The visit time of the page is measured after applying original and improved methods of web page rank algorithm to know about the degree of importance to the users. Time factor is used in this algorithm to increase the accuracy of the page ranking. It is a combination of content and link structure. It provides satisfactory and more relevant results. Query Dependent Ranking Algorithm This algorithm is used to point out a large variety of queries. The similarities between the queries are measured. The ranking of documents in search is conducted by using different models based on different properties of queries. The ranking model in this algorithm is the combination of various models of the similar training queries. Categorization by context This approach proposes a ranking scheme in which ranking is done on the basis of context of the document rather than on the terms basis. Its task is to extract contextual information about documents by analyzing the structure of documents that refer to them. It uses context to describe collections. It is used to overcome the disadvantages of term based approach. 3. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE A large number of algorithms are present today which can be used for ranking the pages in Informational Retrieval System. There will always be a scope of better ranking of pages as each algorithm has its associated advantages and disadvantages. In term based approach, there are problems of Synonymy (means multiple words having the same meaning) and Polysemy (means that a word has multiple meanings). On the other hand, in context based approach, the problem is that the pages which refer to a document must contain enough hints about its content so that they are sufficient to classify the document. According to the requirements of the user, the IR system should use an appropriate algorithm. Use of an efficient algorithm will provide speedy response, and, accurate and relevant results. REFERENCES [1] Wenpu Xing and Ali Ghorbani, â€Å"Weighted PageRank Algorithm†, In proceedings of the 2rd Annual Conference on Communication Networks Services Research, PP. 305-314, 2004. [2] Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Emilio Davis ,Web page ranking using link attributes , In proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers posters, PP.328-329, 2004. [3] H Jiang et al., TIMERANK: A Method of Improving Ranking Scores by Visited Time, In proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Kunming, 12-15 July 2008. [4] Jon Kleinberg, â€Å"Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment†, In Proceedings of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1998. [5] Ali Mohammad Zareh Bidoki and Nasser Yazdani, â€Å"DistanceRank: An Intelligent Ranking Algorithm for Web Pages†, Information Processing and Management, 2007. [6] Dilip Kumar Sharma and A. K. Sharma,â€Å" A Comparative Analysis of Web Page Ranking Algorithms†, in International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, 2010. [7] Giuseppe Attardi and Antonio Gullà ¬, â€Å"Automatic Web Page Categorization by Link and Context Analysis†, [8] Parul Gupta and Dr. A.K.Sharma, â€Å"Context based Indexing in Search Engines using Ontology†, 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications. [9] Abdelkrim Bouramoul, Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi1 and Bich-Lien Doan, , â€Å" USING CONTEXT TO IMPROVE THE EVALUATION OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS† International Journal of Database Management Systems, May 2011. [10] Xiubo Geng, Tie-Yan Liu, Tao Qin, â€Å"Query Dependent Ranking Using K-Nearest Neighbor†, SIGIR’08, July 20–24, 2008, Singapore

The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Essay -- Essays Papers

The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Introduction: To state lightly, Americans generally frown upon communist countries. Though there are the obvious grievances of political and ideological differences that will not be discussed in this paper, the opinions with respect to the economy have also sparked heated discourse. Those that are capitalists feel that without a free market and the power of the invisible hand, the economy will not be efficient and eventually crumble. And in most cases, this assumption was true in the twentieth century. But with Cuba, a red country, communism may not be the major factor to blame at the present. Some feel Cuba has not focused enough on industrial growth, while others say it is the lack of physical capital combined with Cuba ´s inability to attract foreign direct investment. Yet most agree that as a small third world country in today ´s global economy, Cuba is facing many challenges to keep up with the pace of the world. In spite of its current condition, this country still has significan t economic potential. In reality, it is quite astounding to look upon Cuba and what this small country has had to encounter in the past fifteen years. At the start of the 1990 ´s, an economic crisis struck Cuba. When the Soviet Union collapsed and the socialist bloc disappeared, Cuba, being heavily reliant on this alliance, suffered immense economic consequences. The Soviet Union was Cuba ´s trading partner and vital contributor through investments, provision of resources and technology. Because of their socialist relationship, eighty-five percent of Cuba ´s trade[,...] including sugar and citrus fruit [was with the Soviet Union, while at the same time] eighty-eight percent of Cuba ´s i... ...d the Development Prospects of Cuba. Developing Prospects in Cuba: An Agenda in the Making. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 2002. Monreal, Pedro. Export Substituition Reindustrialisation in Cuba: Development Strategies Revisited. Developing Prospects in Cuba: An Agenda in the Making. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 2002. Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana). Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999a), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana). Saney. Isaac. Cuba: A Revolution in Motion. Ed. Brenda Conroy. London: Fernwood, 2004. Snow, Anita. Cuba ´s economic growth slows. Associated Press. 21 December 2002. Academic Universe. 22 Jan. 2005 . Taylor, John. Economics: Fourth Edition. Ed. Jean L. Woy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

Postmodern Hindu Law

The Hindu law has been a guiding principle for our society, especially in certain matters like the conjugal affairs or the responsibilities of kinship. The Kutia Kandha customs are also based on the lines of Hindu law but they seem to be more systematic. Maintenance As per the Hindu law, regardless of ownership of property, a person is morally obliged to take over the responsibility of his wife, old parents and minors. This norm is followed by the Kutia Kandha people with some further inclusions. Accordingly, the inheritance of a property should not become the basis of a son's commitments towards his parents or his wife. It's the duty of sons to look after their parents even if they don't inherit the property in return. But the nuance is that the responsibility of staying with the old parents comes down to the youngest one. He has to take care of everything, even the funerary rights of his parents. Same rule applies on an adopted son; no property will be inherited if he fails to fulfill his responsibilities.Similarly, maintenance of minors and unmarried or handicapped children is a responsibility that parents cannot avoid. In circumstances like death of parents, the duty is accorded to near male kin, if he is inheriting the property. In another situation, if the husband dies, the widow has to maintain the minors until the eldest one turns a major. And in case, she marries some outsider, the responsibility of the minors and the property, everything goes under the control of the family of deceased husband, basically a male kin of his.GuardianshipWhether a minor is legitimate or illegitimate, there should be a guardian to take over his responsibilities. The Kutias have elucidated certain points that are needed for the consideration of guardianship. Father is the natural guardian of a child, and in case of his death, the mother becomes one. A major child may become a guardian of his minor siblings in case both the parents are dead. In absence of such a major child, the responsibility goes to either of the grandparents. Grandparents to next full brother and then to half brother, this process continues until and unless there is some male kin of their father available for such guardianship. Else the process is repeated in maternal clan.Illegitimate child goes with the legitimate husband of the deceased woman, and in case he denies, the family of woman is supposed to take care of the child.Adopted father of an adopted son is his guardian and not the real father, in such a case.Lastly, in case of a divorce, the children stay with father. If they are small enough not to live without mother, they remain with the mother and go to the father once they grow up.AdoptionThere are many reasons, for which a person may want to adopt a child; some childless couple may want an old age support or some may not be willing to have their own kids and just go for adoption. Whatever the reason maybe, anyone can adopt a child.The Kutia Kandhas have delineated the conditions of adoptions. One can adopt a child of any gender but he should start choosing from his paternal kinsmen, if not available then from an outsider, whether from same clan or not. The adopted son is entrusted with all the responsibilities of a real son (ibid) thereafter and becomes the inheritor of his adopted parents' property, too. Even the responsibility of minors, widow, old grandparents etc is invested on him. Failing to which, his property may be forfeited. If a situation arises wherein the adopted son and father separate, the question of inheritance of property depends upon the case of separation. If the adopted son is guilty, he may not get anything; otherwise he can claim the rights.Not every rule is just for adopted son, even the adopter have some duties towards him, like looking after his welfare, marriage and every other aspect that he may do or have done for his real son.

Reward Management Essay

Recently, Reward Management is an important role in Human Resources Management. Many organizations realized the benefit of the reward system , in a way that it could reinforce the employee’s performance, enhance motivation and gain their commitment. For example, when employees know that rewards are tied to their performance, they will try to perform better and take ownership of their jobs. Also, it is a motivation that makes employees evolve a sense of accomplishment and take pride in their work, which in turn increases ownership. Remuneration is a major feature for employment. It is the reason that why people are working. The contribution of employees to the organization can be compensated in terms of monetary or non-monetary terms. Remuneration does not just compensate employees for their efforts, but also affect the recruitment and retention of talented people. There are three recommendations for improving performance by using modern reward management techniques. First, we would recommend that remuneration to be linked to performance, linking to the pay to the quantity of the employee’s output or productivity charts, and therefore the remuneration with be depending on the result, whether the outcome is to be of good quality or outstanding quantity. Another type of performance-linked remuneration is performance related pay, where the performance of employee is measured against previously set objectives, or compared with the various tasks listed in the job description by using performance appraisal system. Based on the above features, we propose to add in these kinds of features into the reward system. We can hold some reward planning, which is related to pay that to encourage most of employees. Secondly, staff motivation can be enhanced through the reshaping of working routines and hours. Nowadays, many employees have complaint about the long working hours and the private life being invaded. However, reducing working hours is not always possible due to the huge amount of workload. In order to deal with the problem, we would recommend flexi-working hours. The concept of flexi-working is to suit the convenience of the employee without influence the organization’s functioning. Nowadays, many people are busy on working, studying and managing their family life. To such extent, flexi-work allows flexible entry and leaving times for employee, which is beneficial for employees in managing their time schedule. Being able to manage their work, study and family life, they are able to obtain a work-life balance, and thus being able to increase their productivity, decline in absenteeism, and reduction in employee turnover and increases their moral. Thirdly, competition among work increases vigorously, and employees tend to undertakes different training courses or opt for further study. As a result, we would recommend the linking of training or education sponsorship with the performance. For example, if the employees opt for a course related to their job nature, the company can sponsor their cost of training. In order to enhance performance, we suggest the amount of sponsorship to be linked with the employee’s performance, and the payment is to be made upon the successful completion of the course. To such extent, the employee’s motivation to perform is enhanced, and they are more willing to equip themselves with the necessary skills related to their job. In conclusion, reward management is essential in managing the performance of the employee. Remuneration is the major and yet the most essential element in employment term, and therefore managing the reward system can effectively enhance the employee’s performance and motivation. Yet, both monetary and non-monetary reward can be used for the aforementioned purpose.

Due Process of Law in the US Constitution

Due Process of Law in the US Constitution How important did America’s Founding Fathers consider the concept of â€Å"due process of law?† Important enough that they made it the only right guaranteed twice by the U.S. Constitution. Due process  of law in government is a constitutional guarantee that actions of the government will not impact its citizens in an abusive manner. As applied today, due process dictates that all courts must operate under a clearly defined set of standards crafted to protect peoples’ personal liberty. Due Process of Law in the United States The Constitution’s Fifth Amendment adamantly commands that no person may be â€Å"deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law† by any act of the federal government. Then, the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, steps up to use exactly the same phrase, called the Due Process Clause, to extend the same requirement to the state governments.   In making due process of law a constitutional guarantee, America’s Founding Fathers drew on a key phrase in the English Magna Carta of 1215, providing that no citizen should be made to forfeit his or her property, rights, or freedom except â€Å"by the law of the land,† as applied by the court. The exact phrase â€Å"due process of law† first appeared as a substitute for Magna Carta’s â€Å"the law of the land† in a 1354 statute adopted under King Edward III that restated the Magna Carta’s guarantee of the liberty. The exact phrase from the 1354 statutory rendition of the Magna Carta referring to â€Å"due process of law† reads: â€Å"No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken nor disinherited, nor put to death, without he be brought to answer by due process of law.† (emphasis added) At the time, â€Å"taken† was interpreted to mean being arrested or deprived of liberty by the government. ‘Due Process of Law’ and ‘Equal Protection of the Laws’ While the Fourteenth Amendment applied the Bill of Rights’ Fifth Amendment guarantee of due process of law to the states it also provides that the states may not deny any person within their jurisdiction â€Å"the equal protection of the laws.† That’s fine for the states, but does the Fourteenth Amendment’s â€Å"Equal Protection Clause† also apply to the federal government and to all U.S. citizens, regardless of where they live? The Equal Protection Clause was mainly intended to enforce the equality provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which provided that all U.S. citizens (except  American Indians) should be given â€Å"full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property.† So, the Equal Protection Clause itself applies only to state and local governments. But, enter the U.S. Supreme Court and its interpretation the Due Process Clause. In its decision in the 1954 case of Bolling v. Sharpe, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause requirements apply to the federal government through the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. The Court’s Bolling v. Sharpe decision illustrates one of the five â€Å"other† ways the Constitution has been amended over the years.   As the source of much debate, especially during the tumultuous days of school integration, the Equal Protection Clause gave rise to the wider legal tenet of â€Å"Equal Justice Under Law.† The term â€Å"Equal Justice Under Law† would soon become the foundation of the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, which led to the end of racial segregation in public schools, as well as dozens of laws prohibiting discrimination against persons belonging to various legally define protected groups. Key Rights and Protections Offered by Due Process of Law The basic rights and protections inherent in the Due Process of Law clause apply in all federal and state government proceedings that could result in a person’s â€Å"deprivation,† basically meaning the loss of â€Å"life, liberty† or property. The rights of due process apply in all state and federal criminal and civil proceedings from hearings and depositions to full-blown trials. These rights include: The right to an unbiased and speedy trialThe right to be provided with notice of the criminal charges or civil action involved and the legal grounds for those charges or actionsThe right present reasons why a proposed action should not be takenThe right to present evidence, including the right to call witnessesThe right to know the opposing evidence (disclosure)The right to cross-examine adverse witnessesThe right to a decision based solely on the evidence and testimony presentedThe right to be represented by a lawyerThe requirement that the court or other tribunal prepare a written record of the evidence and testimony presentedThe requirement that the court or other tribunal prepare written findings of fact and reasons for its decision Fundamental Rights and the Substantive Due Process Doctrine While court decisions like Brown v. Board of Education have established the Due Process Clause as sort of a proxy for a wide range of rights dealing with social equality, those rights were at least expressed in the Constitution. But what about those rights not mentioned in the Constitution, like the right to marry the person of your choice or the right to have children and raise them as you choose? Indeed, the thorniest constitutional debates over the last half century have involved those other rights of â€Å"personal privacy† like marriage, sexual preference, and reproductive rights. To justify the enactment of federal and state laws dealing with such issues, the courts have evolved the doctrine of â€Å"substantive due process of law.† As applied today, substantive due process holds that the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments requires that all laws restricting certain â€Å"fundamental rights† must be fair and reasonable and that the issue in question must be a legitimate concern of the government. Over the years, the Supreme Court has used substantive due process to emphasize the protections of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution in cases dealing with the fundamental rights by constraining certain actions taken by police, legislatures, prosecutors, and judges. The Fundamental Rights The â€Å"fundamental rights† are defined as those having some relationship to the rights of autonomy or privacy. Fundamental rights, whether they are enumerated in the Constitution or not, are sometimes called â€Å"liberty interests.† Some examples of these rights recognized by the courts but not enumerated in the Constitution include, but are not limited to: The right to marry and procreateThe right to have custody of one’s own children and to raise then as one sees fitThe right to practice contraceptionThe right to identify as being of the gender of one’s choiceThe right work at the job of one’s choiceThe right to refuse medical treatment The fact that a certain law may restrict or even prohibit the practice of a fundamental right does not  in all cases mean that the law is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause. Unless a court decides that it was unnecessary or inappropriate for the government to restrict the right in order to achieve some compelling governmental objective the law will be allowed to stand.